Spondylolisthesis

Overview

Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips forward over the vertebra below it. This condition can be caused by factors such as natural wear and tear, injuries, or certain types of cancer. As the bones slip, the central canal narrows, leading to back pain and potentially causing symptoms like numbness, tingling, and tightness in the calves and thighs.

Spondylolisthesis can occur in any part of the spine but is most commonly observed in the lumbar (lower back) region. The condition is classified into different grades based on the degree of slippage:

• Grade 1: 0-25% slippage
• Grade 2: 25-50% slippage
• Grade 3: 50-75% slippage
• Grade 4: 75-100% slippage
• Grade 5: Complete slippage (spondyloptosis)

Causes

Spondylolisthesis can be caused by a number of factors, including:

• Congenital: This means that you are born with the condition.
• Isthmic: This is the most common type of spondylolisthesis and is caused by a stress fracture in a small bone in the spine. Stress fractures can be caused by activities such as gymnastics, football, and weightlifting.
• Degenerative: This type of spondylolisthesis is caused by wear and tear on the spine over time.
• Traumatic: This type of spondylolisthesis is caused by a sudden injury to the spine.
• Pathologic: This type of spondylolisthesis is caused by an underlying condition, such as a tumour or infection.

Symptoms

The symptoms of spondylolisthesis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some people may have no symptoms at all, while others may experience:

• Back pain
• Leg pain
• Muscle tightness and weakness in the legs
• Changes in gait
• Increased lordosis or kyphosis

Diagnosis

To diagnose spondylolisthesis, your doctor will perform a physical examination and review your medical history. They may also order imaging tests, such as X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans.

Treatment

Treatment for spondylolisthesis depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. Most cases of spondylolisthesis can be treated with non-surgical methods, such as:

• Anti-inflammatory medication
• Physical therapy
• Wearing a back brace
• Modifying activity

In some cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilise the spine and decompress nerves.

Benefits Of Treatment

Treating spondylolisthesis can help to:

• Reduce pain and other symptoms
• Improve function
• Prevent further progression of the condition

Risks Of Treatment

The risks of treating spondylolisthesis depend on the type of treatment. Non-surgical treatments generally have few risks. Surgery carries more risks, such as infection, bleeding, and nerve damage.

Recovery

The recovery time from spondylolisthesis depends on the severity of the condition and the type of treatment. Most people who are treated with non-surgical methods are able to return to their normal activities within a few weeks or months. People who have surgery may need to wear a back brace for several months and may have to restrict their activities for several months.

Prevention

There is no known way to prevent spondylolisthesis that is caused by congenital or degenerative factors. However, there are some things you can do to reduce your risk of developing isthmic spondylolisthesis, such as:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Avoiding activities that put excessive stress on the back
• Using proper lifting techniques

If you have any concerns about spondylolisthesis, please make an appointment.